Sunday, November 3, 2013

Cellular Respiration!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

First off, there are two types of cellular respiration: Aerobic and anaerobic. 
Cellular Respiration is the taking of our food and breaking it down in the presence of oxygen to make ATP.
There are 3 steps of Cell Respiration: Glycolysis (which actually takes place outside of the mitochondria in the cytoplasm), The Kreb Cycle, and E.T.C.

1. Glycolysis- the glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvates; generating ATP, as well as making a chemical called NADH. The pyruvates are going to diffuse into the mitochondria, where it will be converted by a pyruvate dehydrogenase complex into Acetyl coA. Gives off a third of the carbon.

2. Kreb Cycle- Gets rid of more CO2, and gives more energy to NADH. During the series of eight reactions that make up the Kreb's cycle, the two acetyl-coA molecules are oxidized, yielding two more molecules of carbon dioxide and 2 ATP. The carbon dioxide generated in these two processes is the carbon dioxide we exhale when we breathe.

3. E. T. C.- (Electron Transport Chain)  ATP energy comes from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 by the 4 protein complexes of E. T. C.  The 10 NADH that enter the E. T. C. originate from each of the earlier processes of respiration: 2 from glycolysis, 2 from the transformation of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, and 6 from the Kreb's cycle.  

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